Based on this comparison, it is reasonable to consider China KN95, AS/NZ P2, Korea 1st Class, and Japan DS FFRs as “equivalent” to US NIOSH N95 and European FFP2 respirators, for filtering non-oil-based particles such as those resulting from wildfires, PM 2.5 air pollution, volcanic eruptions, or bioaerosols (e.g. viruses). However, prior to selecting a respirator, users should consult their local respiratory protection regulations and requirements or check with their local public health authorities for selection guidance.
Certification/ Class (Standard) |
N95 (NIOSH-42C FR84) |
FFP2 (EN 149-2001) |
KN95 (GB2626-20 06) |
P2 (AS/NZ 1716:2012) |
Korea 1st Class (KMOEL – 2017-64) |
DS (Japan JMHLW- Notification 214, 2018) |
Filter performance – (must be ≥ X% efficient) |
≥ 95% |
≥ 94% |
≥ 95% |
≥ 94% |
≥ 94% |
≥ 95% |
Test agent |
NaCl |
NaCl and paraffin oil |
NaCl |
NaCl |
NaCl and paraffin oil |
NaCl |
Flow rate |
85 L/min |
95 L/min |
85 L/min |
95 L/min |
95 L/min |
85 L/min |
Total inward leakage (TIL)* – tested on human subjects each performing exercises |
N/A |
≤ 8% leakage (arithmetic mean) |
≤ 8% leakage (arithmetic mean) |
≤ 8% leakage (individual and arithmetic mean) |
≤ 8% leakage (arithmetic mean) |
Inward Leakage measured and included in User Instructions |
Inhalation resistance – max pressure drop |
≤ 343 Pa |
≤ 70 Pa (at 30 L/min) ≤ 500 Pa (clogging) |
≤ 350 Pa |
≤ 70 Pa (at 30 L/min) |
≤ 70 Pa (at 30 L/min) |
≤ 70 Pa (w/valve) ≤ 50 Pa (no valve) |
Flow rate |
85 L/min |
Varied – see above |
85 L/min |
Varied – see above |
Varied – see above |
40 L/min |
Exhalation resistance – max pressure drop |
≤ 245 Pa |
≤ 300 Pa |
≤ 250 Pa |
≤ 120 Pa |
≤ 300 Pa |
≤ 70 Pa (w/valve) ≤ 50 Pa (no valve) |
Flow rate |
85 L/min |
160 L/min |
85 L/min |
85 L/min |
160 L/min |
40 L/min |
Exhalation valve leakage requirement |
Leak rate ≤ 30 mL/min |
N/A |
Depressurizatio n to 0 Pa ≥ 20 sec |
Leak rate ≤ 30 mL/min |
visual inspection after 300 L /min for 30 sec |
Depressurizatio n to 0 Pa ≥ 15 sec |
Force applied |
-245 Pa |
N/A |
-1180 Pa |
-250 Pa |
N/A |
-1,470 Pa |
CO2 clearance requirement |
N/A |
≤1% |
≤ 1% |
≤1% |
≤ 1% |
≤ 1% |
*Japan JMHLW-Notification 214 requires an Inward Leakage test rather than a TIL test.
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